Chemical dyeing causes ill-effects to the environment however it is essential to know its process:
Prepreparatory Phase: It's a preparatory phase that includes impurities removal, Improving fibers absorption ability, Imparts brightness.
Singeing: Removal of protruding fibers from both sides of the fabric by Burning.
De-sizing: This step involves the removal of starch from fabric.
Scouring: A cleaning treatment in which oil, waxes, and residual sizes are removed from the fabric by the chemicals.
Bleaching: Removal of natural coloring matter and makes the fabric in perfect white.
Mercerization: Treated with a cold concentrated solution of sodium Hydroxide.
Dyeing Process: This process involves fabric interaction with various dyes present. I have explained the procedure with one of the dyes called direct dyes.
- The pre-processed cotton fabric is first immersed in a water bath at 10 deg.
- Dye stock solution is prepared, a calculated quantity is added to the water bath.
- After stirring continuously for 20 minutes, add a certain amount of sodium chloride to it
- Then Fabric cloth was taken out and rinse in running water
- Soak the fabric in soapy water and then in soda ash
- Finally, rinse with cold water and keep for drying.
Similarly, Depending on the fabric material like Cotton, Wool, Nylon has to undergo appropriate dyeing procedures. The various dyes include vat, reactive, Azo, sulfur dyes, etc.
Printing: Developing color designs on fabrics with the help of dyes and pigments using specially designed machines is called printing. Certain chemicals like dyes, pigments, hygroscopic solvents, etc are also used.
Finishing: Finishing, is the sequence of operations, helps in improving the appearance and feel of the fabric with essential properties. The finishing selection is based on various factors like the type of fabric, thread count, etc.
Harmful effects of Chemical Dying:
Even though dyeing an integral part of textile fabric processing, chemical dyes cause various life- term ill-effects to humans. Certain dyes in combo with intermediate compounds like benzidine and 2-naphthylamine can cause bladder cancer.
Textile dyes are generally responsible for dermatitis to the central nervous system sometimes enzymatic deactivation. Workers who produce or handle reactive dyes may have contact dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, rhinitis, much more skin allergies.
Azure- B Dyes which are widely used in textiles can be a causative agent for potential mutagenicity. Certain dyes exhibit genotoxic effects which specifically cause chromosomal aberrations.
Disperse Red-1, orange Dyes are also responsible for causing cancer in humans causing DNA damage. Although 4000 dyes have been investigated for their toxicity, more than 100 of them can form carcinogenic amines.
The herbal concept is derived from Ayurvastra, the ancient 5,000-year-old Indian systems of Vedic healthcare. In terms of maintaining an ecological balance perspective, it helps in.
- Improving soil fertility
- Increasing cotton yields
- A massive saving of water
- Avoiding soil acidification
- Improving soil structure reduces soil erosion
- Increasing the number of earthworms thus improves crop growth
Use of Herbal Cloth may help to treat diseases diabetes, eczema, psoriasis, hypertension, high blood pressure, caused by chemical dyeing. It can also relieve general body aches, stimulate weight loss, and strengthen the immune system.
Herbal Cloth's other uses are energy booster, mood enhancer, and blood purification. So, herbal dyeing is proved to be a healthy replacement to chemical dyeing by all means.